The research group ‘Evolutionary Genetics’ (RG 2) is directed at the interface of evolutionary biology, ecology, molecular biology, population- and conservation genetics. It aims to elucidate the effects of evolutionary forces and processes (mutation, migration, selection and drift) on the haplo- and genotype frequencies and genetic structure of natural populations. These forces cause micro-evolutionary changes within and between populations which over time may lead to macro-evolutionary differences at the taxonomic level. Thus, one of our major goals is to elucidate mechanisms and selective forces that drive adaptive changes at the DNA and functional levels (RNA, proteins) and associated fitness consequences. These processes directly influence the evolution of species and determine their geographic distribution range (local adaptation). The ability of organisms to adapt to existing and changing environmental conditions is reflected in their vitality and fitness. Understanding adaptive processes in wild animals under natural selection conditions is not only a key question in evolutionary genetics, it is also the pre-requisite for a scientifically based conservation approach. In addition to molecular standard techniques (e.g. PCR, SSCP, cloning and sequencing) we use a quantitative approach of gene expression, microarray and laser dissection techniques.

One focus of our research are investigations of the evolution and importance of immune gene variability (MHC) in parasite and pathogen resistance, mate choice, inbreeding avoidance and conservation genetics. We analyse the evolution of further immunologically relevant proteins on both sides - in host and parasites - and study their interaction. As further fitness-relevant parameters we quantify the processes involved in spermatogenesis on the cellular level. Besides investigations of adaptive evolution using genetic markers under selection we apply neutral markers (1) to quantify genetic variation in small, isolated populations of threatened species, (2) to detect the evolutionary forces (mutation, migration, selection and drift) that determine the genetic structure in natural populations, (3) to assess parentage and kinship, (4) to support current breeding programmes, (5) to identify gender in sexual monomorphic species, (6) to define evolutionarily significant units for conservation, and (7) to decipher phylogenetic relationships. DNA analyses can often be done using trace materials such as a single hair, feathers, or faecal material, essential for noninvasive studies of endangered or non-accessible species. Furthermore, population-habitat-modelling is applied to perform risk assessment for population viability and to develop new management strategies.